FEATURES OF COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF ACTIVE INTERACTION WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Abstract

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has created a need to understand its impact on human cognitive processes, including critical thinking, attention, and cognitive fatigue. Access to tools capable of automatically generating texts and logical structures is changing conventional information-processing strategies and may reduce the need for active mental effort. A review of existing studies indicates that excessive reliance on AI is associated with the depletion of cognitive resources, reduced engagement in analytical work, and a decline in the independent development of arguments. At the same time, cognitive fatigue serves as a mechanism through which dependence on AI affects critical thinking, while information literacy moderates these effects by mitigating negative consequences. Research also demonstrates that the rational use of AI can improve task efficiency, enhance text structure, and reduce psycho-emotional stress, particularly when supported by self-regulation skills and critical evaluation of information. In practical terms, this implies the need to combine pedagogical approaches and information-literacy learning strategies with AI integration, particularly through the development of independent analytical skills, verification of the reliability of conclusions, and management of cognitive load. Together, these factors can minimize the risk of declining analytical abilities. The review emphasizes that the impact of AI on cognitive functions depends on individual user characteristics, levels of motivation, existing skills, and the nature of interaction with the system. Further experimental and neurophysiological research is required to fully understand the dynamics of these processes. Overall, the literature indicates that generative AI has the potential both to support mental activity and to create cognitive risks, requiring a balanced approach to its integration into educational and professional practice.